In Search of Hybrid Warfare: The Chinese Doctrine

Many scientific papers on hybrid warfare associate this mode of operations only with the playbook of the Kremlin. At the same time, many analytical works on the phenomenon exclude China. The authors, who do study the Chinese doctrine through the conceptual lens of hybrid warfare, often argue that Beijing merely copies Russia's hybrid tactics. This paper challenges this assumption. It argues that China has its own signature and traditions in waging hybrid warfare, which deserve special attention.